ABAP 常用語法

去除字元前空白 CONDENSE ZINTEGER NO-GAPS.
小寫轉換大寫 TRANSLATE text TO UPPER CASE.
加SearchHelp SELECT-OPTIONS s_matnr FOR mara-matnr MATCHCODE OBJECT mat1.
刪除重覆資料 DELETE ADJACENT DUPLICATES FROM I_TEMP COMPARING VBELN.
資料靠左對齊 LEFT-JUSTIFIED
資料靠中間對齊 CENTERED
資料靠右對齊 RIGHT-JUSTIFIED
資料項下面顯示 UNDER
不顯示前零 NO-ZERO
不顯示正負號 NO-SIGN

MESSAGE Type

簡單的使用MESSAGE E來達到控管
其它的還有MESSAGE A,  I, S, W, or X可運用

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*&   Form  AUTHORIZATION_CHECK
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*    text
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
*  -->  p1     text
*  <--  p2     text
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM AUTHORIZATION_CHECK .
  DATA: L_UNAME LIKE USR21-BNAME.
  SELECT SINGLE BNAME FROM USR21 INTO L_UNAME WHERE BNAME = SY-UNAME.
  IF L_UNAME NE 'EIS_CHERRY'.
    MESSAGE E398(00) WITH '您的帳號沒有使用權限'.
  ENDIF.


建立上傳路徑

在選擇畫面要作出下拉式選單來選擇本端PC的檔案
利用以下的Function可達到其目的

CALL FUNCTION 'WS_FILENAME_GET'
   EXPORTING
    DEF_FILENAME = P_FILE "RLGRAP-FILENAME
    DEF_PATH = ''  "DEF_PATH
*    MASK = ',*.*,*.*.'
    MASK = TMP_MASK
    MODE = 'O'
*    TITLE     = ' '
   IMPORTING
    FILENAME = TMP_FILENAME
* RC    =
   EXCEPTIONS
    INV_WINSYS    = 01
    NO_BATCH = 02
    SELECTION_CANCEL = 03
    SELECTION_ERROR  = 04.
  IF SY-SUBRC = 0.
    P_FILE = TMP_FILENAME.
  ENDIF.


由Excel匯入資料

在寫程式時常常會有需求就是USER將檔案輸入至EXCEL
然後再將EXCEL的資料與ABAP的程式匯入後作處理
建議使用這個Function作處理

CALL FUNCTION 'ALSM_EXCEL_TO_INTERNAL_TABLE'
    EXPORTING
  FILENAME     = P_PATH
  I_BEGIN_COL = '1'
  I_BEGIN_ROW = '1'
  I_END_COL    = '18'
  I_END_ROW    = '65535'
    TABLES
  INTERN   = I_EXCEL
    EXCEPTIONS
  INCONSISTENT_PARAMETERS = 1
  UPLOAD_OLE   = 2
  OTHERS   = 3.
  IF SY-SUBRC <> 0.
    MESSAGE ID SY-MSGID TYPE SY-MSGTY NUMBER SY-MSGNO
    WITH SY-MSGV1 SY-MSGV2 SY-MSGV3 SY-MSGV4.
  ENDIF.


呼叫Form

1建立一支程式呼叫Smartform
1.1.建立呼叫Smartform的程式
1.2.建立傳資料給Smartforms的結構
1.3.畫Form
2.用標準程式呼叫Smartform
2.1.T-CODE：NACE

如何建立Smartforms請參考 - 連結文章
A. 建立結構
B. Smartforms建立Smartform
C. NACE 輸出控制條件

執行畫面結果


註：結構建立時要與接收欄相同
以本例為主 要建立 二個結構 要與 GT_RPT 與 SUB_TMP相同
GT_ITEM = GT_RPT
SUB_ITEM = SUB_TMP


*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Report ZBEN_SFTEST01 *
*& *
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& *
*& *
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*

REPORT ZBEN_SFTEST01.
TABLES: EKKO, EKPO, EBAN, T024.
DATA: BEGIN OF I_EKKO OCCURS 0,
ZYEAR(4) TYPE C,
ZMONTH(2) TYPE C,
EBELN LIKE EKKO-EBELN,
BSTYP LIKE EKKO-BSTYP,
BSART LIKE EKKO-BSART,
AEDAT LIKE EKKO-AEDAT,
EKGRP LIKE EKKO-EKGRP,
END OF I_EKKO.
DATA: BEGIN OF I_EKPO OCCURS 0,
EBELN LIKE EKPO-EBELN,
EBELP LIKE EKPO-EBELP,
LOEKZ LIKE EKPO-LOEKZ,
PSTYP LIKE EKPO-PSTYP,
KNTTP LIKE EKPO-KNTTP,
MENGE LIKE EKPO-MENGE,
MEINS LIKE EKPO-MEINS,
BANFN LIKE EKPO-BANFN,
BNFPO LIKE EKPO-BNFPO,
END OF I_EKPO.
DATA: BEGIN OF I_EBAN OCCURS 0,
BANFN LIKE EBAN-BANFN,
BNFPO LIKE EBAN-BNFPO,
BSART LIKE EBAN-BSART,
BSTYP LIKE EBAN-BSTYP,
FRGDT LIKE EBAN-FRGDT,
PREIS LIKE EBAN-PREIS,
PEINH LIKE EBAN-PEINH,
WAERS LIKE EBAN-WAERS,
END OF I_EBAN.
DATA: BEGIN OF I_T024 OCCURS 0,
EKGRP LIKE T024-EKGRP,
EKNAM LIKE T024-EKNAM,
END OF I_T024.

DATA: BEGIN OF GT_RPT OCCURS 0,
ZYEAR(4) TYPE C,
ZMONTH(2) TYPE C,
EKGRP LIKE EKKO-EKGRP,
EKNAM LIKE T024-EKNAM,
EBELN LIKE EKKO-EBELN,
EBELP LIKE EKPO-EBELP,
AEDAT LIKE EKKO-AEDAT,
MENGE LIKE EKPO-MENGE,
MEINS LIKE EKPO-MEINS,
BANFN LIKE EKPO-BANFN,
BNFPO LIKE EKPO-BNFPO,
FRGDT LIKE EBAN-FRGDT,
PREIS LIKE EBAN-PREIS,
PEINH LIKE EBAN-PEINH,
AMOUNT LIKE EBAN-PREIS,
WAERS LIKE EBAN-WAERS,
END OF GT_RPT.
DATA: Z_TABIX LIKE SY-TABIX.
DATA: X_TABIX LIKE SY-TABIX.
DATA: W_TABIX LIKE SY-TABIX.
DATA: FM_NAME TYPE RS38L_FNAM.
DATA: WA_EKKO LIKE EKKO OCCURS 0 WITH HEADER LINE.


DATA:
G_FNAME TYPE RS38L_FNAM,
G_CONTROL_PARAM TYPE SSFCTRLOP,
G_COMPOSER_PARAM TYPE SSFCOMPOP,
G_OUTPUT_INFO TYPE SSFCRESCL.

DATA: BEGIN OF SUBTOTAL OCCURS 0,
ZYEAR(4) TYPE C,
ZMONTH(2) TYPE C,
EKGRP LIKE EKKO-EKGRP,
EKNAM LIKE T024-EKNAM,
MENGE LIKE EKPO-MENGE,
MEINS LIKE EKPO-MEINS,
AMOUNT LIKE EBAN-PREIS,
WAERS LIKE EBAN-WAERS,
END OF SUBTOTAL.

DATA: SUB_TMP LIKE SUBTOTAL OCCURS 0 WITH HEADER LINE.

************************************************************************
* SELECT-OPTIONS / PARAMETERS *
************************************************************************
SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF BLOCK BK1 WITH FRAME.
SELECT-OPTIONS: S_DATE FOR EKKO-AEDAT(6) DEFAULT '200007' TO '200410' OBLIGATORY, "
S_EKGRP FOR EKKO-EKGRP.
SELECT-OPTIONS: S_DATES FOR SY-DATUM NO-DISPLAY.
SELECTION-SCREEN END OF BLOCK BK1.

AT SELECTION-SCREEN.
REFRESH S_DATES.
LOOP AT S_DATE.
MOVE-CORRESPONDING S_DATE TO S_DATES.
S_DATES-LOW+6(2) = '01'.
IF S_DATE-HIGH IS INITIAL.
S_DATES-HIGH = S_DATES-LOW.
ENDIF.
S_DATES-HIGH+6(2) = '31'.

IF S_DATES(3) = 'IEQ'.
S_DATES(3) = 'IBT'.
ELSEIF S_DATES(3) = 'INE'.
S_DATES(3) = 'INB'.
ELSEIF S_DATES(3) = 'EEQ'.
S_DATES(3) = 'EBT'.
ELSEIF S_DATES(3) = 'ENE'.
S_DATES(3) = 'ENB'.
ENDIF.
COLLECT S_DATES.
ENDLOOP.

************************************************************************
* START-OF-SELECTION Event *
************************************************************************
START-OF-SELECTION.

PERFORM GET_DATA_FROM_DATABASE.
PERFORM MERGE_ITABS.

************************************************************************
* END-OF-SELECTION Event *
************************************************************************
END-OF-SELECTION.
PERFORM OUTPUT_REPORT.

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form GET_DATA_FROM_DATABASE
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
* text
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
* --> p1 text
* <-- p2 text *----------------------------------------------------------------------* FORM GET_DATA_FROM_DATABASE . SELECT EBELN BSTYP BSART AEDAT EKGRP INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF TABLE I_EKKO FROM EKKO WHERE AEDAT IN S_DATES AND EKGRP IN S_EKGRP AND LOEKZ EQ ''. SORT I_EKKO BY EBELN. IF NOT I_EKKO[] IS INITIAL. SELECT EKGRP EKNAM INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF TABLE I_T024 FROM T024 FOR ALL ENTRIES IN I_EKKO WHERE EKGRP = I_EKKO-EKGRP. SORT I_T024 BY EKGRP. SELECT EBELN EBELP LOEKZ PSTYP KNTTP MENGE MEINS BANFN BNFPO INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF TABLE I_EKPO FROM EKPO FOR ALL ENTRIES IN I_EKKO WHERE EBELN = I_EKKO-EBELN AND LOEKZ EQ '' AND BANFN NE '' AND BNFPO NE ''. ENDIF. SORT I_EKPO BY EBELN. IF NOT I_EKPO[] IS INITIAL. SELECT BANFN BNFPO BSART BSTYP FRGDT PREIS PEINH WAERS INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF TABLE I_EBAN FROM EBAN FOR ALL ENTRIES IN I_EKPO WHERE BANFN = I_EKPO-BANFN AND BNFPO = I_EKPO-BNFPO AND FRGDT > '00000000'.
ENDIF.
SORT I_EBAN BY BANFN BNFPO.

ENDFORM. " GET_DATA_FROM_DATABASE
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form MERGE_ITABS
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
* text
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
* --> p1 text
* <-- p2 text *----------------------------------------------------------------------* FORM MERGE_ITABS . LOOP AT I_EKPO. MOVE-CORRESPONDING I_EKPO TO GT_RPT. APPEND GT_RPT. CLEAR GT_RPT. ENDLOOP. LOOP AT GT_RPT. X_TABIX = SY-TABIX. READ TABLE I_EKKO WITH KEY EBELN = GT_RPT-EBELN BINARY SEARCH. IF SY-SUBRC = 0. GT_RPT-ZYEAR = I_EKKO-AEDAT(4). GT_RPT-ZMONTH = I_EKKO-AEDAT+4(2). GT_RPT-AEDAT = I_EKKO-AEDAT. GT_RPT-EKGRP = I_EKKO-EKGRP. MODIFY GT_RPT INDEX X_TABIX TRANSPORTING ZYEAR ZMONTH AEDAT EKGRP. ENDIF. READ TABLE I_EBAN WITH KEY BANFN = GT_RPT-BANFN BNFPO = GT_RPT-BNFPO BINARY SEARCH. IF SY-SUBRC = 0. GT_RPT-FRGDT = I_EBAN-FRGDT. GT_RPT-PREIS = I_EBAN-PREIS. GT_RPT-PEINH = I_EBAN-PEINH. GT_RPT-WAERS = I_EBAN-WAERS. MODIFY GT_RPT INDEX X_TABIX TRANSPORTING FRGDT PREIS PEINH WAERS. ENDIF. READ TABLE I_T024 WITH KEY EKGRP = GT_RPT-EKGRP. IF SY-SUBRC = 0. GT_RPT-EKNAM = I_T024-EKNAM. MODIFY GT_RPT INDEX X_TABIX TRANSPORTING EKNAM. ENDIF. CLEAR GT_RPT. ENDLOOP. LOOP AT GT_RPT. W_TABIX = SY-TABIX. GT_RPT-AMOUNT = GT_RPT-MENGE * GT_RPT-PREIS / GT_RPT-PEINH. MODIFY GT_RPT INDEX W_TABIX TRANSPORTING AMOUNT. MOVE-CORRESPONDING GT_RPT TO SUBTOTAL. APPEND SUBTOTAL. CLEAR SUBTOTAL. ENDLOOP. LOOP AT SUBTOTAL. COLLECT SUBTOTAL INTO SUB_TMP. ENDLOOP. SORT GT_RPT BY ZYEAR ZMONTH EKGRP EBELN EBELP. SORT SUB_TMP BY ZYEAR ZMONTH EKGRP. ENDFORM. " MERGE_ITABS *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* *& Form OUTPUT_REPORT *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* * text *----------------------------------------------------------------------* * --> p1 text
* <-- p2 text *----------------------------------------------------------------------* FORM OUTPUT_REPORT . CALL FUNCTION 'SSF_FUNCTION_MODULE_NAME' EXPORTING FORMNAME = 'ZF_BEN_TEST01' VARIANT = '' DIRECT_CALL = '' IMPORTING FM_NAME = FM_NAME EXCEPTIONS NO_FORM = 1 NO_FUNCTION_MODULE = 2 OTHERS = 3. IF SY-SUBRC <> 0.

ENDIF.

G_CONTROL_PARAM-LANGU = SY-LANGU.
G_COMPOSER_PARAM-TDDEST = 'LP01'.

CALL FUNCTION FM_NAME
EXPORTING
YTESTV = 'SAP Information System Co.'
CONTROL_PARAMETERS = G_CONTROL_PARAM
OUTPUT_OPTIONS = G_COMPOSER_PARAM
USER_SETTINGS = ' '
IMPORTING
JOB_OUTPUT_INFO = G_OUTPUT_INFO
TABLES
GT_ITEM = GT_RPT
SUB_ITEM = SUB_TMP
EXCEPTIONS
FORMATTING_ERROR = 1
INTERNAL_ERROR = 2
SEND_ERROR = 3
USER_CANCELED = 4
OTHERS = 5.
IF SY-SUBRC <> 0.

ENDIF.

ENDFORM. " OUTPUT_REPORT



欄位宣告

1.首先基本需知道簡單型態
  C Character
  I Integer
  F Floating Point Number
  X Byte
  P Packet Number
  N Numeric Text
  D Date (YYYMMDD)
  T Time (HHMMSS)

基本變數
  Element Data ：單一變數
  Work Area (在這簡稱wa) 多欄變數
  Internal Table (在這簡稱為itab) 多行多列變數


2.結構宣告欄位(wa)或是表格(itab)的宣告
是程式將資料庫內的資料抓取暫時存放處
下面舉三個例子

************************************************************************
* Working Area & Internal Tables    *
************************************************************************
*宣告一個單一變數
DATA: Z_TABIX LIKE SY-TABIX.

*宣告一個wa
DATA: BEGIN OF W_EKKO,
C1 TYPE C,
C2 TYPE C,
   END OF W_EKKO.

*宣告一個itab
DATA: BEGIN OF I_EKKO OCCURS 0,
   ZYEAR(4)  TYPE C,
   ZMONTH(2) TYPE C,
   EBELN LIKE EKKO-EBELN,
       BSTYP LIKE EKKO-BSTYP,
       BSART LIKE EKKO-BSART,
       AEDAT LIKE EKKO-AEDAT,
       EKGRP LIKE EKKO-EKGRP,
   END OF I_EKKO.


3.接下來宣告輸入畫面的宣告
分為Parameter(單值) 與Select-options(區間)的宣告
以下為一個Parameter與一個Select-options的範例

************************************************************************
* SELECT-OPTIONS / PARAMETERS   *
************************************************************************
*轉檔路徑與監管編碼
SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF BLOCK BK1 WITH FRAME.
*PARAMETER:  P_DATE  LIKE EKKO-AEDAT OBLIGATORY,
*     P_EKGRP LIKE EKKO-EKGRP.
SELECT-OPTIONS: S_DATE FOR EKKO-AEDAT(6),
    S_EKGRP FOR EKKO-EKGRP.
SELECT-OPTIONS: S_DATES FOR SY-DATUM NO-DISPLAY.
SELECTION-SCREEN END OF BLOCK BK1.


程式框架


*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Report  ZTEST001
*&
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*&
*&
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
REPORT  ZTEST001.
************************************************************************
* SAP TABLES *
************************************************************************
TABLES:
************************************************************************
* TYPES and TYPE-POOLS *
************************************************************************
TYPE-POOLS: SLIS.


************************************************************************
* Working Area & Internal Tables    *
************************************************************************
*GW_RPT--output report
************************************************************************
* Include   *
************************************************************************
************************************************************************
* Selection Screen *
************************************************************************
SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF BLOCK B1 WITH FRAME.
*PARAMETERS: P_GJAHR LIKE SY-DATUM(4) OBLIGATORY.
SELECT-OPTIONS:
*  S_WERKS FOR MCHB-WERKS OBLIGATORY DEFAULT '1000'. "Plant
SELECTION-SCREEN END OF BLOCK B1.
************************************************************************
* Initialization    *
************************************************************************
INITIALIZATION.
************************************************************************
* AT SELECTION-SCREEN Event     *
************************************************************************
AT SELECTION-SCREEN OUTPUT.
**********************************************
AT SELECTION-SCREEN.


************************************************************************
* At User Command   *
************************************************************************
AT USER-COMMAND.
************************************************************************
* Start of Selection    *
************************************************************************
START-OF-SELECTION.
************************************************************************
* END-OF-SELECTION Event    *
************************************************************************
END-OF-SELECTION.