SE11 Dictionary

1.T-CODE：SE11

2.可建立 資料庫表格 資料類型 範圍 搜尋輔助說明 加鎖物件

3.建立結構 在資料類型 輸入結構名稱後 選建立
4.建立結構或資料庫表格時 自設非標準欄位元件以Z開頭為主

5.自設元件無參考元件類型 選擇 固定類型 維護字典類型與長度

6.輸入短文 說明該元件的意義

7.在幣別CURR或是數量QUAN必需有參考單位(例如TW、KG)

8.如該欄位在選擇畫面有下拉式選單功能 則要建立搜尋輔助說明

文字至中

編寫一般的ABAP報表通常都會有表頭的產生
在計算時常會使用到一個系統參數「SY-LINSZ」
在希望文字至中時可以利用 ( 畫面寬度 - 文字長度 ) / 2 來達到至中的效果
以下範例為 FI 查看 製造工費成本比較表的表頭範例

*---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*    FORM TOP_OF_PAGE   *
*---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM TOP_OF_PAGE.
  DATA: L_NUM TYPE SY-PAGNO.
  DATA: L_SIZE TYPE SY-LINSZ.    "畫面的寬度
  DATA: L_PAGE(3) TYPE N.
  L_SIZE = ( SY-LINSZ - 18 ) / 2.
  WRITE AT L_SIZE(18) '製造工費成本比較表'(H01) CENTERED.   "SY-TITLE
  L_SIZE =  SY-LINSZ - 8 .
  WRITE AT L_SIZE(4) 'Page'(H02).
  L_SIZE =  SY-LINSZ - 3.
  WRITE AT L_SIZE SY-PAGNO.
*  ULINE.
  L_SIZE = ( SY-LINSZ - 10 ) / 2.
  READ TABLE I_DES WITH KEY SETNAME = GT_RPT-KSGRU.
  CONCATENATE '年度：' G_YEAR INTO G_GJAHR.
  WRITE: / I_DES-DESCRIPT .
  WRITE AT L_SIZE(10) G_GJAHR CENTERED.    "SY-DATUM
*  ULINE.
ENDFORM.   "TOP_OF_PAGE


Call Transaction

希望依這筆結果點擊二下可以呼叫某個程式把值帶入
這時可以用Call Transaction來達成這個目的
以下的例子是呼叫VA03來查詢SO單資料

*---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*    FORM USER_COMMAND     *
*---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM USER_COMMAND5 USING R_UCOMM LIKE SY-UCOMM
RS_SELFIELD TYPE SLIS_SELFIELD.
  L_SELFIELD = RS_SELFIELD.
  CASE R_UCOMM.
    WHEN '&SO2'.
  READ TABLE GT_QRY10 INDEX L_SELFIELD-TABINDEX.
  IF SY-SUBRC EQ 0.
    IF GT_QRY10-VBELN IS NOT INITIAL.
  SET PARAMETER ID 'AUN' FIELD GT_QRY10-VBELN.
  CALL TRANSACTION 'VA03' AND SKIP FIRST SCREEN.
    ENDIF.
  ENDIF.
  ENDCASE.
ENDFORM.     "USER_COMMAND


ABAP 常用語法

去除字元前空白 CONDENSE ZINTEGER NO-GAPS.
小寫轉換大寫 TRANSLATE text TO UPPER CASE.
加SearchHelp SELECT-OPTIONS s_matnr FOR mara-matnr MATCHCODE OBJECT mat1.
刪除重覆資料 DELETE ADJACENT DUPLICATES FROM I_TEMP COMPARING VBELN.
資料靠左對齊 LEFT-JUSTIFIED
資料靠中間對齊 CENTERED
資料靠右對齊 RIGHT-JUSTIFIED
資料項下面顯示 UNDER
不顯示前零 NO-ZERO
不顯示正負號 NO-SIGN

MESSAGE Type

簡單的使用MESSAGE E來達到控管
其它的還有MESSAGE A,  I, S, W, or X可運用

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*&   Form  AUTHORIZATION_CHECK
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*    text
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
*  -->  p1     text
*  <--  p2     text
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM AUTHORIZATION_CHECK .
  DATA: L_UNAME LIKE USR21-BNAME.
  SELECT SINGLE BNAME FROM USR21 INTO L_UNAME WHERE BNAME = SY-UNAME.
  IF L_UNAME NE 'EIS_CHERRY'.
    MESSAGE E398(00) WITH '您的帳號沒有使用權限'.
  ENDIF.


建立上傳路徑

在選擇畫面要作出下拉式選單來選擇本端PC的檔案
利用以下的Function可達到其目的

CALL FUNCTION 'WS_FILENAME_GET'
   EXPORTING
    DEF_FILENAME = P_FILE "RLGRAP-FILENAME
    DEF_PATH = ''  "DEF_PATH
*    MASK = ',*.*,*.*.'
    MASK = TMP_MASK
    MODE = 'O'
*    TITLE     = ' '
   IMPORTING
    FILENAME = TMP_FILENAME
* RC    =
   EXCEPTIONS
    INV_WINSYS    = 01
    NO_BATCH = 02
    SELECTION_CANCEL = 03
    SELECTION_ERROR  = 04.
  IF SY-SUBRC = 0.
    P_FILE = TMP_FILENAME.
  ENDIF.


由Excel匯入資料

在寫程式時常常會有需求就是USER將檔案輸入至EXCEL
然後再將EXCEL的資料與ABAP的程式匯入後作處理
建議使用這個Function作處理

CALL FUNCTION 'ALSM_EXCEL_TO_INTERNAL_TABLE'
    EXPORTING
  FILENAME     = P_PATH
  I_BEGIN_COL = '1'
  I_BEGIN_ROW = '1'
  I_END_COL    = '18'
  I_END_ROW    = '65535'
    TABLES
  INTERN   = I_EXCEL
    EXCEPTIONS
  INCONSISTENT_PARAMETERS = 1
  UPLOAD_OLE   = 2
  OTHERS   = 3.
  IF SY-SUBRC <> 0.
    MESSAGE ID SY-MSGID TYPE SY-MSGTY NUMBER SY-MSGNO
    WITH SY-MSGV1 SY-MSGV2 SY-MSGV3 SY-MSGV4.
  ENDIF.


呼叫Form

1建立一支程式呼叫Smartform
1.1.建立呼叫Smartform的程式
1.2.建立傳資料給Smartforms的結構
1.3.畫Form
2.用標準程式呼叫Smartform
2.1.T-CODE：NACE

如何建立Smartforms請參考 - 連結文章
A. 建立結構
B. Smartforms建立Smartform
C. NACE 輸出控制條件

執行畫面結果


註：結構建立時要與接收欄相同
以本例為主 要建立 二個結構 要與 GT_RPT 與 SUB_TMP相同
GT_ITEM = GT_RPT
SUB_ITEM = SUB_TMP


*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Report ZBEN_SFTEST01 *
*& *
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& *
*& *
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*

REPORT ZBEN_SFTEST01.
TABLES: EKKO, EKPO, EBAN, T024.
DATA: BEGIN OF I_EKKO OCCURS 0,
ZYEAR(4) TYPE C,
ZMONTH(2) TYPE C,
EBELN LIKE EKKO-EBELN,
BSTYP LIKE EKKO-BSTYP,
BSART LIKE EKKO-BSART,
AEDAT LIKE EKKO-AEDAT,
EKGRP LIKE EKKO-EKGRP,
END OF I_EKKO.
DATA: BEGIN OF I_EKPO OCCURS 0,
EBELN LIKE EKPO-EBELN,
EBELP LIKE EKPO-EBELP,
LOEKZ LIKE EKPO-LOEKZ,
PSTYP LIKE EKPO-PSTYP,
KNTTP LIKE EKPO-KNTTP,
MENGE LIKE EKPO-MENGE,
MEINS LIKE EKPO-MEINS,
BANFN LIKE EKPO-BANFN,
BNFPO LIKE EKPO-BNFPO,
END OF I_EKPO.
DATA: BEGIN OF I_EBAN OCCURS 0,
BANFN LIKE EBAN-BANFN,
BNFPO LIKE EBAN-BNFPO,
BSART LIKE EBAN-BSART,
BSTYP LIKE EBAN-BSTYP,
FRGDT LIKE EBAN-FRGDT,
PREIS LIKE EBAN-PREIS,
PEINH LIKE EBAN-PEINH,
WAERS LIKE EBAN-WAERS,
END OF I_EBAN.
DATA: BEGIN OF I_T024 OCCURS 0,
EKGRP LIKE T024-EKGRP,
EKNAM LIKE T024-EKNAM,
END OF I_T024.

DATA: BEGIN OF GT_RPT OCCURS 0,
ZYEAR(4) TYPE C,
ZMONTH(2) TYPE C,
EKGRP LIKE EKKO-EKGRP,
EKNAM LIKE T024-EKNAM,
EBELN LIKE EKKO-EBELN,
EBELP LIKE EKPO-EBELP,
AEDAT LIKE EKKO-AEDAT,
MENGE LIKE EKPO-MENGE,
MEINS LIKE EKPO-MEINS,
BANFN LIKE EKPO-BANFN,
BNFPO LIKE EKPO-BNFPO,
FRGDT LIKE EBAN-FRGDT,
PREIS LIKE EBAN-PREIS,
PEINH LIKE EBAN-PEINH,
AMOUNT LIKE EBAN-PREIS,
WAERS LIKE EBAN-WAERS,
END OF GT_RPT.
DATA: Z_TABIX LIKE SY-TABIX.
DATA: X_TABIX LIKE SY-TABIX.
DATA: W_TABIX LIKE SY-TABIX.
DATA: FM_NAME TYPE RS38L_FNAM.
DATA: WA_EKKO LIKE EKKO OCCURS 0 WITH HEADER LINE.


DATA:
G_FNAME TYPE RS38L_FNAM,
G_CONTROL_PARAM TYPE SSFCTRLOP,
G_COMPOSER_PARAM TYPE SSFCOMPOP,
G_OUTPUT_INFO TYPE SSFCRESCL.

DATA: BEGIN OF SUBTOTAL OCCURS 0,
ZYEAR(4) TYPE C,
ZMONTH(2) TYPE C,
EKGRP LIKE EKKO-EKGRP,
EKNAM LIKE T024-EKNAM,
MENGE LIKE EKPO-MENGE,
MEINS LIKE EKPO-MEINS,
AMOUNT LIKE EBAN-PREIS,
WAERS LIKE EBAN-WAERS,
END OF SUBTOTAL.

DATA: SUB_TMP LIKE SUBTOTAL OCCURS 0 WITH HEADER LINE.

************************************************************************
* SELECT-OPTIONS / PARAMETERS *
************************************************************************
SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF BLOCK BK1 WITH FRAME.
SELECT-OPTIONS: S_DATE FOR EKKO-AEDAT(6) DEFAULT '200007' TO '200410' OBLIGATORY, "
S_EKGRP FOR EKKO-EKGRP.
SELECT-OPTIONS: S_DATES FOR SY-DATUM NO-DISPLAY.
SELECTION-SCREEN END OF BLOCK BK1.

AT SELECTION-SCREEN.
REFRESH S_DATES.
LOOP AT S_DATE.
MOVE-CORRESPONDING S_DATE TO S_DATES.
S_DATES-LOW+6(2) = '01'.
IF S_DATE-HIGH IS INITIAL.
S_DATES-HIGH = S_DATES-LOW.
ENDIF.
S_DATES-HIGH+6(2) = '31'.

IF S_DATES(3) = 'IEQ'.
S_DATES(3) = 'IBT'.
ELSEIF S_DATES(3) = 'INE'.
S_DATES(3) = 'INB'.
ELSEIF S_DATES(3) = 'EEQ'.
S_DATES(3) = 'EBT'.
ELSEIF S_DATES(3) = 'ENE'.
S_DATES(3) = 'ENB'.
ENDIF.
COLLECT S_DATES.
ENDLOOP.

************************************************************************
* START-OF-SELECTION Event *
************************************************************************
START-OF-SELECTION.

PERFORM GET_DATA_FROM_DATABASE.
PERFORM MERGE_ITABS.

************************************************************************
* END-OF-SELECTION Event *
************************************************************************
END-OF-SELECTION.
PERFORM OUTPUT_REPORT.

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form GET_DATA_FROM_DATABASE
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
* text
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
* --> p1 text
* <-- p2 text *----------------------------------------------------------------------* FORM GET_DATA_FROM_DATABASE . SELECT EBELN BSTYP BSART AEDAT EKGRP INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF TABLE I_EKKO FROM EKKO WHERE AEDAT IN S_DATES AND EKGRP IN S_EKGRP AND LOEKZ EQ ''. SORT I_EKKO BY EBELN. IF NOT I_EKKO[] IS INITIAL. SELECT EKGRP EKNAM INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF TABLE I_T024 FROM T024 FOR ALL ENTRIES IN I_EKKO WHERE EKGRP = I_EKKO-EKGRP. SORT I_T024 BY EKGRP. SELECT EBELN EBELP LOEKZ PSTYP KNTTP MENGE MEINS BANFN BNFPO INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF TABLE I_EKPO FROM EKPO FOR ALL ENTRIES IN I_EKKO WHERE EBELN = I_EKKO-EBELN AND LOEKZ EQ '' AND BANFN NE '' AND BNFPO NE ''. ENDIF. SORT I_EKPO BY EBELN. IF NOT I_EKPO[] IS INITIAL. SELECT BANFN BNFPO BSART BSTYP FRGDT PREIS PEINH WAERS INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF TABLE I_EBAN FROM EBAN FOR ALL ENTRIES IN I_EKPO WHERE BANFN = I_EKPO-BANFN AND BNFPO = I_EKPO-BNFPO AND FRGDT > '00000000'.
ENDIF.
SORT I_EBAN BY BANFN BNFPO.

ENDFORM. " GET_DATA_FROM_DATABASE
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form MERGE_ITABS
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
* text
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
* --> p1 text
* <-- p2 text *----------------------------------------------------------------------* FORM MERGE_ITABS . LOOP AT I_EKPO. MOVE-CORRESPONDING I_EKPO TO GT_RPT. APPEND GT_RPT. CLEAR GT_RPT. ENDLOOP. LOOP AT GT_RPT. X_TABIX = SY-TABIX. READ TABLE I_EKKO WITH KEY EBELN = GT_RPT-EBELN BINARY SEARCH. IF SY-SUBRC = 0. GT_RPT-ZYEAR = I_EKKO-AEDAT(4). GT_RPT-ZMONTH = I_EKKO-AEDAT+4(2). GT_RPT-AEDAT = I_EKKO-AEDAT. GT_RPT-EKGRP = I_EKKO-EKGRP. MODIFY GT_RPT INDEX X_TABIX TRANSPORTING ZYEAR ZMONTH AEDAT EKGRP. ENDIF. READ TABLE I_EBAN WITH KEY BANFN = GT_RPT-BANFN BNFPO = GT_RPT-BNFPO BINARY SEARCH. IF SY-SUBRC = 0. GT_RPT-FRGDT = I_EBAN-FRGDT. GT_RPT-PREIS = I_EBAN-PREIS. GT_RPT-PEINH = I_EBAN-PEINH. GT_RPT-WAERS = I_EBAN-WAERS. MODIFY GT_RPT INDEX X_TABIX TRANSPORTING FRGDT PREIS PEINH WAERS. ENDIF. READ TABLE I_T024 WITH KEY EKGRP = GT_RPT-EKGRP. IF SY-SUBRC = 0. GT_RPT-EKNAM = I_T024-EKNAM. MODIFY GT_RPT INDEX X_TABIX TRANSPORTING EKNAM. ENDIF. CLEAR GT_RPT. ENDLOOP. LOOP AT GT_RPT. W_TABIX = SY-TABIX. GT_RPT-AMOUNT = GT_RPT-MENGE * GT_RPT-PREIS / GT_RPT-PEINH. MODIFY GT_RPT INDEX W_TABIX TRANSPORTING AMOUNT. MOVE-CORRESPONDING GT_RPT TO SUBTOTAL. APPEND SUBTOTAL. CLEAR SUBTOTAL. ENDLOOP. LOOP AT SUBTOTAL. COLLECT SUBTOTAL INTO SUB_TMP. ENDLOOP. SORT GT_RPT BY ZYEAR ZMONTH EKGRP EBELN EBELP. SORT SUB_TMP BY ZYEAR ZMONTH EKGRP. ENDFORM. " MERGE_ITABS *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* *& Form OUTPUT_REPORT *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* * text *----------------------------------------------------------------------* * --> p1 text
* <-- p2 text *----------------------------------------------------------------------* FORM OUTPUT_REPORT . CALL FUNCTION 'SSF_FUNCTION_MODULE_NAME' EXPORTING FORMNAME = 'ZF_BEN_TEST01' VARIANT = '' DIRECT_CALL = '' IMPORTING FM_NAME = FM_NAME EXCEPTIONS NO_FORM = 1 NO_FUNCTION_MODULE = 2 OTHERS = 3. IF SY-SUBRC <> 0.

ENDIF.

G_CONTROL_PARAM-LANGU = SY-LANGU.
G_COMPOSER_PARAM-TDDEST = 'LP01'.

CALL FUNCTION FM_NAME
EXPORTING
YTESTV = 'SAP Information System Co.'
CONTROL_PARAMETERS = G_CONTROL_PARAM
OUTPUT_OPTIONS = G_COMPOSER_PARAM
USER_SETTINGS = ' '
IMPORTING
JOB_OUTPUT_INFO = G_OUTPUT_INFO
TABLES
GT_ITEM = GT_RPT
SUB_ITEM = SUB_TMP
EXCEPTIONS
FORMATTING_ERROR = 1
INTERNAL_ERROR = 2
SEND_ERROR = 3
USER_CANCELED = 4
OTHERS = 5.
IF SY-SUBRC <> 0.

ENDIF.

ENDFORM. " OUTPUT_REPORT



欄位宣告

1.首先基本需知道簡單型態
  C Character
  I Integer
  F Floating Point Number
  X Byte
  P Packet Number
  N Numeric Text
  D Date (YYYMMDD)
  T Time (HHMMSS)

基本變數
  Element Data ：單一變數
  Work Area (在這簡稱wa) 多欄變數
  Internal Table (在這簡稱為itab) 多行多列變數


2.結構宣告欄位(wa)或是表格(itab)的宣告
是程式將資料庫內的資料抓取暫時存放處
下面舉三個例子

************************************************************************
* Working Area & Internal Tables    *
************************************************************************
*宣告一個單一變數
DATA: Z_TABIX LIKE SY-TABIX.

*宣告一個wa
DATA: BEGIN OF W_EKKO,
C1 TYPE C,
C2 TYPE C,
   END OF W_EKKO.

*宣告一個itab
DATA: BEGIN OF I_EKKO OCCURS 0,
   ZYEAR(4)  TYPE C,
   ZMONTH(2) TYPE C,
   EBELN LIKE EKKO-EBELN,
       BSTYP LIKE EKKO-BSTYP,
       BSART LIKE EKKO-BSART,
       AEDAT LIKE EKKO-AEDAT,
       EKGRP LIKE EKKO-EKGRP,
   END OF I_EKKO.


3.接下來宣告輸入畫面的宣告
分為Parameter(單值) 與Select-options(區間)的宣告
以下為一個Parameter與一個Select-options的範例

************************************************************************
* SELECT-OPTIONS / PARAMETERS   *
************************************************************************
*轉檔路徑與監管編碼
SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF BLOCK BK1 WITH FRAME.
*PARAMETER:  P_DATE  LIKE EKKO-AEDAT OBLIGATORY,
*     P_EKGRP LIKE EKKO-EKGRP.
SELECT-OPTIONS: S_DATE FOR EKKO-AEDAT(6),
    S_EKGRP FOR EKKO-EKGRP.
SELECT-OPTIONS: S_DATES FOR SY-DATUM NO-DISPLAY.
SELECTION-SCREEN END OF BLOCK BK1.


程式框架


*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Report  ZTEST001
*&
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*&
*&
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
REPORT  ZTEST001.
************************************************************************
* SAP TABLES *
************************************************************************
TABLES:
************************************************************************
* TYPES and TYPE-POOLS *
************************************************************************
TYPE-POOLS: SLIS.


************************************************************************
* Working Area & Internal Tables    *
************************************************************************
*GW_RPT--output report
************************************************************************
* Include   *
************************************************************************
************************************************************************
* Selection Screen *
************************************************************************
SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF BLOCK B1 WITH FRAME.
*PARAMETERS: P_GJAHR LIKE SY-DATUM(4) OBLIGATORY.
SELECT-OPTIONS:
*  S_WERKS FOR MCHB-WERKS OBLIGATORY DEFAULT '1000'. "Plant
SELECTION-SCREEN END OF BLOCK B1.
************************************************************************
* Initialization    *
************************************************************************
INITIALIZATION.
************************************************************************
* AT SELECTION-SCREEN Event     *
************************************************************************
AT SELECTION-SCREEN OUTPUT.
**********************************************
AT SELECTION-SCREEN.


************************************************************************
* At User Command   *
************************************************************************
AT USER-COMMAND.
************************************************************************
* Start of Selection    *
************************************************************************
START-OF-SELECTION.
************************************************************************
* END-OF-SELECTION Event    *
************************************************************************
END-OF-SELECTION.


宣告include structure


DATA BEGIN OF GT_RPT OCCURS 0.
       Include structure GW_MSEG.
DATA  LEVE1 TYPE MSEG-MENGE.
DATA  END OF GT_RPT.


ABAP 常用T-CODE

Transport Organizer SE09 Request Display處理器
ABAP/4 Dictionary maintenance SE11 表格 結構 域 加鎖物件 建立與管理
Table view and maintain SE16 表格 View
ABAP Runtime Analysis SE30 測式程式效能
ABAP/4 Function Library SE37 Function處理器
ABAP/4 Editor SE38 程式編輯器
Object Browser SE80 元件總覽器
Maintain messages SE91 訊息編輯器
Maintain Transaction Codes SE93 T-Code編輯器
Overview of sers SM04 使用者控制清單
Display locks SM12 解使用者Lock控制器
Table views maintainer SM30 表格維設產生器
Batch job monitoring SM35 批次輸入處理器
Overview of Processes SM50 程式處理概覽
Font Maintenance Bar Code SE73 看Bar Code